submarine communication technology evolution

Submarines

submarine communication: from sonar to satellites

By Evelyn Reed

Published: 22 Feb 2025

A Deep Dive into the Depths: My First Encounter

Let me start with a story. I was maybe ten, obsessed with Jacques Cousteau. I'd spend hours watching his documentaries, mesmerized by the underwater world. One particularly blustery day, while walking along the coast near my grandma's house – remember that old rickety pier? – I stumbled across something amazing. It was a small, battered sonar device, washed ashore after a storm. I had NO idea what it was, but it sparked a lifelong fascination with submarine communication that I want to share with you. It's a journey from the old-school sonar pings to the cutting-edge satellite links of today!

old sonar device washed ashore on beach

old sonar device washed ashore on beach | Image: Supplied

The Echolocation Era: Sonar's Simple Brilliance

Sonar – SOund Navigation And Ranging – is, simply put, using sound to 'see' underwater. Imagine sending out a sound wave and timing how long it takes to bounce back; the time it takes tells you the distance to an object. Early sonar was incredibly basic, creating an almost unbelievable level of underwater awareness. Think about it – before sonar, submarines were essentially blind underwater. They were entirely dependent on periscopes for navigating and detecting threats. Sonar was revolutionary – a true game changer that helped improve underwater navigation for decades. The sounds of sonar pings (a sound that, in my opinion, remains one of the coolest things I’ve ever heard). It's a technological marvel!

old submarine sonar display

old submarine sonar display | Image: Supplied

From Sound Waves to Radio Waves: The Next Leap

As technology progressed, the limitations of sonar – its relatively short range and susceptibility to interference – became more apparent. Enter radio waves! Radio communication allowed submarines to communicate over much longer distances, even when submerged. This was massive improvement. Radio waves, however, have one major drawback, and that is that they don't penetrate water very well. So, clever engineers had to use complex antenna systems, clever tricks to communicate effectively. I mean, how unbelievably clever! This is why the technology behind submarine communication always fascinated me.

diagram of submarine radio communication system

diagram of submarine radio communication system | Image: Supplied

The Satellite Revolution: Global Reach from the Abyss

The development of satellite communication systems marked another monumental leap forward. Submarines can now communicate with the surface, and even other submarines, using satellites – regardless of their location in the ocean. While it sounds simple, the engineering behind this is mind-boggling; think of the obstacles: deep ocean, water pressure, atmospheric disturbances...the challenges are enormous. But, I must say, it's incredible to think that this is something that exists and is being used today! How do you think this is done? Let me know in the comments!

satellite communicating with a submarine

satellite communicating with a submarine | Image: Supplied

The Future of Submarine Communication: Quantum Entanglement?

What's next? The possibilities are endless, but researchers are exploring some truly mind-bending concepts. Quantum entanglement, for example, is being studied for its potential to create incredibly secure and high-bandwidth communication channels. It's pretty amazing stuff, isn't it? It remains a long-term prospect, but the potential is extraordinary. What do you think the future holds for submarine communication? I personally think the future is truly bright!

quantum entanglement illustration

quantum entanglement illustration | Image: Supplied

Conclusion: The Silent Symphony of the Deep

From the simple pings of early sonar to the sophisticated satellite networks of today, submarine communication has come a long way. It's a testament to human ingenuity and our relentless pursuit of knowledge, of exploration, of connection. And it's a field that continues to evolve, promising even more remarkable advancements in the years to come. This is something I’ve always found amazing. Perhaps you’ll find it amazing too!

The sea, once a barrier, has become a highway; and the depths, once a mystery, are now a field of exploration.

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